Without reading until the very end I post this to ponder, tire pressure is way more critical than one may think. Pressure, over or under can effect how the rubber heats. This is called heat cycle. In order for a tire to gain maximum grip is must reach a temperature on which the sticky stuff is cooking off the tire. Tire pressure increases as the tire's carcass heats. Too much cold temperature pressure prevents the tire from heating to the proper sticky temp. Too little overheats the tire and it gets really greasy. On track days most tire manufacturers will give you a ballpark stab at what your temps should be. You can compare that pressure to the pressure of the tire after some hot laps. In a previous life I raced a Ducati with WERA. On a motorcycle that hot/cold difference was around 3%. The principal us the same for a car, however the difference, well I have no clue. But I suppose the point being 1 or 2 pounds makes a difference on the street or on the track.
Yeah it makes a big difference.
I'm not sure if it's in the previous few pages, so here goes my writeup:
Let's ignore some effects of camber, dynamic loads, etc... and simplify things for the moment.
The surface of a car tire is flat. It lies flat against the road. The sidewalls provide some stiffness, but what's really holding the car up is the air....if your tires deflate, your rims run right against the ground (again, ignoring runflats). Ok, so with the tires under-inflated, the sidewall is pressed into the ground harder than the middle of the tire (no sidewall). Meaning that your tire actually bends inward slightly, as if it was cupping the road. This gives you more grip at the outside of the tires than the middle As you increase inflation, that cupping decreases, until you're at the ideal tire temp where everything is perfectly flat. Ta-da, max grip everywhere! But as you go too far, the air is pushing down too much, and the sidewalls can't keep up. So it does the opposite of the cupping, and actually balloons/bulges outward. Now you're gripping the road mainly with the middle of the tire and not using the edges to the fullest extent!
To tell if you have the correct pressures, you can use a tire thermometer (pyrometer) to measure. Yep, temperature will tell you about your inflation!
First, ignore that infrared thermometer. Unless you're doing something crazy like leaning out a window, reaching under the car, and aiming it at the tire mid-track...it's gonna give you a bogus number. By the time you slow the car, pull to a safe area, get out, walk to each tire, etc... everything will be meaningless. What you want is a probe pyrometer, that you actually jam into the tread.
Ok, so you've got your equipment, you've done some hot-laps...how do you know if your tires are inflated right? Measure each tire's near the outer sidewall, right in the middle, then near the inner sidewall.
1) If the two outer ones are HOTTER than the middle one - underinflated (the middle part of the tire isn't creating grip...friction...heat)
2) If the two outer ones are COOLER than the middle one - over inflated
3) If they're all the same - goldilocks, baby.
Ok, so there are some other options, too, but I said we were ignoring camber. Lets throw it back in.
(we ignore the middle reading for this part)
4) The inner temp is HOTTER than the outer - too much negative camber
5) The inner temp is COOLER than the outer - too much positive camber
6) they're both the same - Now we're cooking!
To be fair, you should probably get your camber dialed in first (if you have the ability). But you can combine 1/2/3 with 4/5/6, such as
7) If your temperature increases evenly from inside to outside, your pressures are probably ok, but you have too much camber.
8) If the inside and middle temps are both hotter than the outside - you probably have too much camber and too much pressure
9) etc...